Integrated Organic Farming System Model(s) for Small and Marginal Farmers of Jharkhand
The present study was conducted at Ajaygarh village of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. The village is basically a tribal dominating village and which was surrounded by the hills covered by dense forest. Poor economic condition, poor infrastructural facility, poor communication system, migration, hunger, lack of employment opportunity etc were the main challenges of this village. The average annual income of this village was about Rs 30,754. Agriculture was the main occupation of this village besides animal rearing. In this condition Integrated Organic Farming System (IOFS) has been appeared as a boon for economic upliftment of the village. It ensured raising income about up to Rs 1,92,460 per annum. It provided year round work opportunity in the village which can raise about 46% more additional employment opportunity and thereby checked the migration problem in the village. A participatory adaptive trial on organic farming responded significantly. IOFS was more practically beneficial especially for the small and marginal farmers. As the cultivation practices were eco-friendly and reasonable productive, thus it was more sustainable. As cost of production was less due to recycling of waste materials coming from different enterprises of Integrated Organic Farming System. In IOFS, if one enterprise fails then it is subsequently protected by the other enterprises and thereby it reduces the risk in the farm as a whole. Thus it was specially beneficial for small and marginal farmers who are more susceptible to risk.